Unsupervised Depth Estimation, 3D Face Rotation and Replacement
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We present an unsupervised approach for learning to estimate three dimensional (3D) facial structure from a single image while also predicting 3D viewpoint transformations that match a desired pose and facial geometry. We achieve this by inferring the depth of facial key-points in an input image in an unsupervised way. We show how it is possible to use these depths as intermediate computations within a new backpropable loss to predict the parameters of a 3D affine transformation matrix that maps inferred 3D key-points of an input face to corresponding 2D key-points on a desired target facial geometry or pose. Our resulting approach can therefore be used to infer plausible 3D transformations from one face pose to another, allowing faces to be frontalized, trans- formed into 3D models or even warped to another pose and facial geometry. Lastly, we identify certain shortcomings with our formulation, and explore adversarial image translation techniques as a post-processing step. Correspondingly, we explore several adversarial image transformation methods which allow us to re-synthesize complete head shots for faces re-targeted to different poses as well as repair images resulting from face replacements across identities.
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