The stable set problem in graphs with bounded genus and bounded odd cycle packing number
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Consider the family of graphs without k node-disjoint odd cycles, where k is a constant. Determining the complexity of the stable set problem for such graphs G is a long-standing problem. We give a polynomial-time algorithm for the case that G can be further embedded in a (possibly non-orientable) surface of bounded genus. Moreover, we obtain polynomial-size extended formulations for the respective stable set polytopes. To this end, we show that 2-sided odd cycles satisfy the Erdős-Pósa property in graphs embedded in a fixed surface. This extends the fact that odd cycles satisfy the Erdős-Pósa property in graphs embedded in a fixed orientable surface (Kawarabayashi Nakamoto, 2007). Eventually, our findings allow us to reduce the original problem to the problem of finding a minimum-cost non-negative integer circulation of a certain homology class, which turns out to be efficiently solvable in our case.
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