Quantum Key Recycling with optimal key recycling rate based on a noise level
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Quantum Key Recycling (QKR) protocol can send a secret classical message via a quantum channel and recycle the per-shared keys. An important issue of QKR protocols is how to increase the tolerance of noise in the quantum channel. The studies (Fehr and Salvail, Leermakers and Škoric, Škoric and de Vries 2017, Leermakers and Škoric 2019) have answered this question, but we find out that there is a security loophole in their solutions. To avoid this loophole, this study proposes a new QKR protocol which recycles the used keys according to the noise level and optimizes the key recycling rate of the pre-shared keys. Further, the proposed protocol also eliminates the need for classical authentication channels by delaying recycling some of the keys. The security proofs and analyses are given to prove the security of the recycled keys is universal composable.
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