Near-Optimal Average-Case Approximate Trace Reconstruction from Few Traces

07/24/2021
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by   Xi Chen, et al.
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In the standard trace reconstruction problem, the goal is to exactly reconstruct an unknown source string ๐—‘โˆˆ{0,1}^n from independent "traces", which are copies of ๐—‘ that have been corrupted by a ฮด-deletion channel which independently deletes each bit of ๐—‘ with probability ฮด and concatenates the surviving bits. We study the approximate trace reconstruction problem, in which the goal is only to obtain a high-accuracy approximation of ๐—‘ rather than an exact reconstruction. We give an efficient algorithm, and a near-matching lower bound, for approximate reconstruction of a random source string ๐—‘โˆˆ{0,1}^n from few traces. Our main algorithmic result is a polynomial-time algorithm with the following property: for any deletion rate 0 < ฮด < 1 (which may depend on n), for almost every source string ๐—‘โˆˆ{0,1}^n, given any number M โ‰คฮ˜(1/ฮด) of traces from Del_ฮด(๐—‘), the algorithm constructs a hypothesis string ๐—‘ that has edit distance at most n ยท (ฮด M)^ฮฉ(M) from ๐—‘. We also prove a near-matching information-theoretic lower bound showing that given M โ‰คฮ˜(1/ฮด) traces from Del_ฮด(๐—‘) for a random n-bit string ๐—‘, the smallest possible expected edit distance that any algorithm can achieve, regardless of its running time, is n ยท (ฮด M)^O(M).

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