Multichain-MWPoW: A p/2 Adversary Power Resistant Blockchain Sharding Approach to a Decentralised Autonomous Organisation Architecture
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Blockchain Sharding (BS) is a blockchain improvement approach. It increases the overall transaction throughput, reduces the resource required, and increases the reward expectation for nodes by splitting the blockchain into several parallel-running committees (shards). Recently, several flexible sharding methods that can tolerate up to n/2 Byzantine nodes (n/2 security level) have been proposed. However, the nodes in these methods may be frequently reassigned from shard to shard to maintain security when others leave the system. Theoretically, nodes in non-sharding blockchains have different weight (power or stake) for creating a consensus, so that the adversary needs to control half of the overall weight of the system to make a piece of faulty information accepted into the blockchain (p/2 security level). However, all the nodes in the BS approaches carry the same weight, and it is only under the assumption that the honest participants are creating as many nodes as they can, that the n/2 security level BS approach reaches the p/2 security level. In this paper, we present Multichain MWPoW, a p/2 security level BS architecture that does not require honest participants to create multiple nodes and allows for fewer node reassignments. It combines the Multiple Winners Proof of Work consensus protocol (MWPoW) and a flexible n/2 blockchain sharding approach. Our experiments suggest that Multichain MWPoW largely outperforms existing BSs in terms of security, transaction throughput and flexibility.
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