Multi-Server Verifiable Delegation of Computations: Unconditional Security and Practical Efficiency

04/26/2021
by   Liang Feng Zhang, et al.
0

Outsourcing computation has gained significant popularity in recent years due to the prevalence of cloud computing. There are two main security concerns in outsourcing computation: how to guarantee the cloud server performs the computation correctly and how to keep the client's data secret. The single-server verifiable computation (SSVC) of Gennaro, Gentry and Parno (Crypto'10) enables a client to delegate the computation of a function f on any input x with both concerns highly relieved, but only results in computationally secure schemes that lack practical efficiency. While the SSVC schemes use a single server, in this paper we develop a multi-server verifiable computation (MSVC) model where the client shares both f and x among multiple servers, each server performs a set of computations on its shares, and finally the client reconstructs f(x) from all servers' results. In this MSVC model we propose a generic construction for outsourcing computations of the form F x, where F is a matrix and x is a vector. Our generic construction achieves information-theoretic security, input privacy and function privacy. By optimizing the parameters, we obtain both a 3-server scheme,which uses the least number of servers, and a 4-server scheme, which incurs the least workload. By decomposing many polynomial computations as a two-stage computation, where the first-stage has the form F x and the second-stage is fast, and delegating the first-stage computation, we obtain MSVC schemes for these polynomials. We implement our MSVC schemes and show that they are among the most practical ones to date.

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