Modelling COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Ghana
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In late 2019, a novel coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was identified in Wuhan, China and later spread to every corner of the globe. Whilst the number of infection-induced deaths in Ghana, West Africa are minimal when compared with the rest of the world, the impact on the local health service is still significant. Compartmental models are a useful framework for investigating transmission of diseases in societies. To understand how the infection will spread and how to limit the outbreak. We have developed a modified SEIR compartmental model with nine compartments (CoVCom9) to describe the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Ghana. We have carried out a detailed mathematical analysis of the CoVCom9, including the derivation of the basic reproduction number, ℛ_0. In particular, we have shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when ℛ_0<1 via a candidate Lyapunov function. Using the SARS-CoV-2 reported data for confirmed-positive cases and deaths from March 13 to August 10, 2020, we have parametrised the CoVCom9 model. The results of this fit show good agreement with data. We used Latin hypercube sampling-rank correlation coefficient (LHS-PRCC) to investigate the uncertainty and sensitivity of ℛ_0 since the results derived are significant in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We estimate that over this five month period, the basic reproduction number is given by ℛ_0 = 3.110, with the 95% confidence interval being 2.042 ≤ℛ_0 ≤ 3.240, and the mean value being ℛ_0=2.623. Of the 32 parameters in the model, we find that just six have a significant influence on ℛ_0, these include the rate of testing, where an increasing testing rate contributes to the reduction of ℛ_0.
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