Capsule Attention for Multimodal EEG and EOG Spatiotemporal Representation Learning with Application to Driver Vigilance Estimation
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Driver vigilance estimation is an important task for transportation safety. Wearable and portable brain-computer interface devices provide a powerful means for real-time monitoring of the vigilance level of drivers, thus help with avoiding distracted or impaired driving. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal architecture for in-vehicle vigilance estimation from Electroencephalogram and Electrooculogram. However, most current works in the area lack an effective framework for learning the part-whole relationships within the data and learning useful spatiotemporal representations. To tackle this problem and other issues associated with multimodal biological signal analysis, we propose an architecture composed of a capsule attention mechanism following a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network. Our model learns both temporal and hierarchical/spatial dependencies in the data through the LSTM and capsule feature representation layers. To better explore the discriminative ability of the learned representations, we study the effect of the proposed capsule attention mechanism including the number of dynamic routing iterations as well as other parameters. Experiments show the robustness of our method by outperforming other solutions and baseline techniques, setting a new state-of-the-art
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