Applying Second-Order Quantifier Elimination in Inspecting Gödel's Ontological Proof

10/21/2021

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by   Christoph Wernhard, et al.

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In recent years, Gödel's ontological proof and variations of it were formalized and analyzed with automated tools in various ways. We supplement these analyses with a modeling in an automated environment based on first-order logic extended by predicate quantification. Formula macros are used to structure complex formulas and tasks. The analysis is presented as a generated type-set document where informal explanations are interspersed with pretty-printed formulas and outputs of reasoners for first-order theorem proving and second-order quantifier elimination. Previously unnoticed or obscured aspects and details of Gödel's proof become apparent. Practical application possibilities of second-order quantifier elimination are shown and the encountered elimination tasks may serve as benchmarks.