Application of zero-determinant strategies to particle control in statistical physics
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Zero-determinant strategies are a class of strategies in repeated games which unilaterally control payoffs. Zero-determinant strategies have attracted much attention in studies of social dilemma, particularly in the context of evolution of cooperation. So far, not only general properties of zero-determinant strategies have been investigated, but zero-determinant strategies have been applied to control in the fields of information and communications technology and analysis of imitation. Here, we provide another example of application of zero-determinant strategies: control of a particle on a lattice. We first prove that zero-determinant strategies, if exist, can be implemented by some one-dimensional transition probability. Next, we prove that, if a two-player game has a non-trivial potential function, a zero-determinant strategy exists in its repeated version. These two results enable us to apply the concept of zero-determinant strategies to control the expected potential energies of two coordinates of a particle on a two-dimensional lattice.
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