An Efficient ADER-DG Local Time Stepping Scheme for 3D HPC Simulation of Seismic Waves in Poroelastic Media
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Many applications from geosciences require simulations of seismic waves in porous media. Biot's theory of poroelasticity describes the coupling between solid and fluid phases and introduces a stiff source term, thereby increasing computational cost and motivating efficient methods utilising High-Performance Computing. We present a novel realisation of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme with Arbitrary DERivative time stepping (ADER-DG) that copes with stiff source terms. To integrate this source term with a reasonable time step size, we use an element-local space-time predictor, which needs to solve medium-sized linear systems - with 1000 to 10000 unknowns - in each element update (i.e., billions of times). We present a novel block-wise back-substitution algorithm for solving these systems efficiently. In comparison to LU decomposition, we reduce the number of floating-point operations by a factor of up to 25. The block-wise back-substitution is mapped to a sequence of small matrix-matrix multiplications, for which code generators are available to generate highly optimised code. We verify the new solver thoroughly in problems of increasing complexity. We demonstrate high-order convergence for 3D problems. We verify the correct treatment of point sources, material interfaces and traction-free boundary conditions. In addition, we compare against a finite difference code for a newly defined layer over half-space problem. We find that extremely high accuracy is required to resolve the slow P-wave at a free surface, while solid particle velocities are not affected by coarser resolutions. By using a clustered local time stepping scheme, we reduce time to solution by a factor of 6 to 10 compared to global time stepping. We conclude our study with a scaling and performance analysis, demonstrating our implementation's efficiency and its potential for extreme-scale simulations.
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