5G Network Planning under Service and EMF Constraints: Formulation and Solutions
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We target the planning of a 5G cellular network under 5G service and ElectroMagnetic Fields (EMFs) constraints. We initially model the problem with a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. The pursued objective is a weighed function of gNB installation costs and 5G service coverage level. In addition, we precisely model restrictive EMF constraints and we integrate scaling parameters to estimate the power radiated by 5G gNBs. Since the considered planning problem is NP-Hard, and therefore very challenging to be solved even for small problem instances, we design an efficient heuristic, called PLanning Algorithm Towards EMF Emissions Assessment (PLATEA), to practically solve it. Results, obtained over a realistic scenario that includes EMF exposure from pre-5G technologies (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G), prove that PLATEA retrieves a planning that ensures 5G service and restrictive EMF constraints. However, we demonstrate that the results are strongly affected by: i) the relative weight between gNB installation costs and 5G service coverage level, ii) the scaling parameters to estimate the exposure generated by 5G gNBs, and iii) the amount of exposure from pre-5G technologies.
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